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Pilot Zone / Re: Dianne Feinstein dead at 90: Democratic Senator who served for more than 30 year
« on: September 29, 2023, 07:50:56 AM »
Are the Republicans not now the majority in the Senate?
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It was not a woman.
No, but they're telling you enough to make you jump off the Trump wagon and drive you to a candidate they prefer so that it is easier to defeat him.Let me know when Trump can give us 8 years of a Republican presidency.
The swamp chooses who to support based on who they need to beat. Sometimes that is a conservative that has to lose because beating him is too hard, like Trump.
I'm still waiting for someone to explain how any republican can win in the general. Please explain how a republican can win in PA, MI, WI, GA or AZ? How about the blue shithole states?Easy. Run a quality candidate not named TRUMP!
There has been no election reform in those states. So with the current electoral map, someone please explain how republicans win?
I'll wait.
This is not a clown show. It’s a few representatives doing what they’ve been elected to do.In principle I’m not against the 20. I like kicking the swamp as much as anyone. But the 20 never presented their own candidate who could successfully challenge McCarthy. Jim Jordan would be great (Chip Roy would be better, and Clay Higgins would be my top choice) but Jordan never ran for it, tried to Caucus for it, or made his own case. Fine. So instead of presenting their own candidate, they wanted concessions. Again, great. From what I gather (and it’s impossible to know all the facts) McCarthy has agreed to those terms. So if that’s true (and I can’t know for sure), what is the end game?
When was the last time we saw the whole house debate anything? The politburo scheme that the house has devolved into needs shaking up.
McCarthy is responsible. He sat back awaiting his turn without any policy whatsoever. Now his back is against the wall. He has to decide on the will of the voters or his loyalty to the Uniparty.
Chapter 5: DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination
The ability of cells to maintain a high degree of order in a chaotic universe depends upon the accurate duplication of vast quantities of genetic information carried in chemical form as DNA. This process, called DNA replication, must occur before a cell can produce two genetically identical daughter cells. Maintaining order also requires the continued surveillance and repair of this genetic information, because DNA inside cells is repeatedly damaged by chemicals and radiation from the environment, as well as by thermal accidents and reactive molecules generated inside the cell. In this chapter, we describe the protein machines that replicate and repair the cell’s DNA. These machines catalyze some of the most rapid and accurate processes that take place within cells, and their mechanisms illustrate the elegance and efficiency of cell chemistry.
While the short-term survival of a cell can depend on preventing changes in its DNA, the long-term survival of a species requires that DNA sequences be changeable over many generations to permit evolutionary adaptation to changing circumstances. We shall see that despite the great efforts that cells make to protect their DNA, occasional changes in DNA sequences do occur. Over time, these changes provide the genetic variation upon which selection pressures act during the evolution of organisms.
We begin this chapter with a brief discussion of the changes that occur in DNA as it is passed down from generation to generation. Next, we discuss the cell mechanisms—DNA replication and DNA repair—that are responsible for minimizing these changes. Finally, we consider some of the most intriguing pathways that alter DNA sequences—in particular, those of DNA recombination including the movement within chromosomes of special DNA sequences called transposable elements.
THE MAINTENANCE OF DNA SEQUENCES
Although, as just pointed out, occasional genetic changes enhance the long-term survival of a species through evolution, the survival of the individual demands a high degree of genetic stability. Only rarely do the cell’s DNA-maintenance processes fail, resulting in permanent change in the DNA. Such a change is called a mutation, and it can destroy an organism if it occurs in a vital position in the DNA sequence.
Mutation Rates Are Extremely Low
The mutation rate, the rate at which changes occur in DNA sequences, can be determined directly from experiments carried out with a bacterium such as Escherichia coli—a resident of our intestinal tract and a commonly used laboratory organism (see Figure 1–24). Under laboratory conditions, E. coli divides about once every 30 minutes, and a single cell can generate a very large population— several billion—in less than a day. In such a population, it is possible to detect the small fraction of bacteria that have suffered a damaging mutation in a particular gene, if that gene is not required for the bacterium’s survival. For example, the mutation rate of a gene specifically required for cells to use the sugar lactose as an energy source can be determined by growing the cells in the presence of a different sugar, such as glucose, and testing them subsequently to see how many have lost the ability to survive on a lactose diet. The fraction of damaged genes underestimates the actual mutation rate because many mutations are silent (for example, those that change a codon but not the amino acid it specifies, or those that change an amino acid without affecting the activity of the protein coded for by the gene). After correcting for these silent mutations, one finds that a single gene that encodes an average-sized protein (~10^3 coding nucleotide pairs) accumulates a mutation (not necessarily one that would inactivate the protein) approximately once in about 10^6 bacterial cell generations. Stated differently, bacteria display a mutation rate of about three nucleotide changes per 10^10 nucleotides per cell generation.
Recently, it has become possible to measure the germ-line mutation rate directly in more complex, sexually reproducing organisms such as humans. In this case, the complete genomes from a family—parents and offspring—were directly sequenced, and a careful comparison revealed that approximately 70 new single-nucleotide mutations arose in the germ lines of each offspring. Normalized to the size of the human genome, the mutation rate is one nucleotide change per 10^8 nucleotides per human generation. This is a slight underestimate because some mutations will be lethal and will therefore be absent from progeny; however, because relatively little of the human genome carries critical information, this consideration has only a small effect on the true mutation rate. It is estimated that approximately 100 cell divisions occur in the germ line from the time of conception to the time of production of the eggs and sperm that go on to make the next generation. Thus, the human mutation rate, expressed in terms of cell divisions (instead of human generations), is approximately 1 mutation/10^10 nucleotides/cell division.
Although E. coli and humans differ greatly in their modes of reproduction and in their generation times, when the mutation rates of each are normalized to a single round of DNA replication, they are both extremely low and within a factor of three of each other. We shall see later in the chapter that the basic mechanisms that ensure these low rates of mutation have been conserved since the very early history of cells on Earth.
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But we no longer want someone to cooperate with the uniparty to get an agenda done. The MAGA agenda is to restore power and prosperity to the forgotten man. The federal government in the form of both parties is now aligned against the common man. Trump’s agenda is to drain the swamp. You want him to go to DC and play well with others. Pretend to be opposed in public, but in private go to parties and dinners together, attend each others weddings, enjoy the DC social life, and agree that regardless of how split they are on details, the unspoken prime directive is to keep themselves in power.I’m a CPA and so I’m a numbers guy. In the first post-2020 election, independents broke for team D, and even more so in battleground states. This is different than 2016 and 2020. I don’t know why that is, but once again the independents swayed an election.
You want Trump to join them? Or break up the monolithic Goliath that hates ordinary people like you and me? Trump got plenty done in his first term without joining the clique and playing nice. Things that helped you and me.
DeSantis has not yet proved to me that he won’t be seduced by the DC uniparty like most other politicians. I’ve been burned by people like Crenshaw. It’s hard to trust anyone. Other than if he is compromised by an age related deficit, I trust Trump. It’s as simple as that.
People intent on finding something, anything to attack Donald Trump will find it and satisfy their loathing.You don’t do that. You know I supported trump, but he’s no longer thinking about the country. It’s always all about him, even if he pours gasoline on the conservative candidates who don’t bow on bended knee to him.
I’m still in PTSD from Election Day 2020. I can’t bear another roller coaster, especially when injured and helpless.Which is why I believe he has to be defeated in the general. While he advanced the most conservative agenda in my lifetime, I believe a Trump 2.0 will be about petty retribution, not the country. And certainly not the party or the conservative movement, as evidenced by this comment 4 days before a landmark midterm election.
I do know this. It was never about one man. It always has been, is now, and will always be about the people against the corruption in government. It’s on us to battle our way forward to better leaders and to become change agents ourselves, and to fight without folding to protect our vote and our freedom and our country.